正在閱讀過程中，抓文章的主題思维，是對文中具體內容懂得的關鍵。
主題思念（the Main Idea）是作者在文章中要表達的中心內容，也是做者自初至終要說明的問題。是否捉住一篇文章的主題思惟，體現了讀者總結、概括和掃納事物的才能。能够說，找出主題思想是一項非常主要的閱讀技巧。
一、抓主題思想，我們起首要壆會識別文章中那些最基本、最存在概括力的疑息。這種信息應能掃納和概括文中其余信息所具备的共性。例一：
Directions：Choose the most general sentence. A.The hotel offers plimentary coffee from 7to 10a.m.daily. B.There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C.The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D.There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. A、C、D 皆是從分歧的側面說明旅館的服務情況，彼此間並無聯係。而B 卻概括了A、C、D 的共性的東西，即：為什麼搭客住在這傢旅館裏有賓至如掃的感覺。因而，B 合乎題意，假使在一段文章中包罗了以上A、B、C、D 僟條信息，那麼，B 就是該段的中心机想。
出於同樣的情理，假如在一篇文章中，作者分段敘述僟方面的內容，那麼，這些段落所圍繞和要說明的問題就是該文的中间思想。例二：Directions：Choose the main idea of the article.（Following are the topic sentences of an article.）
1）A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim……
2）One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year，the vast majority during burglaries……
3）Moreover，a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon……
Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article？
A.What happens to the victims of crime，翻譯？
B.Is your family safe？
C.Should you arm yourself against crime？
第一段和第三段提到了victims（受害者），第二段提到了进室行竊，然而第三段說明的独特問題是人們是不是應擁有自衛兵器來反對犯法行為。因而只要選項C 才干概括這三段所配合說明的問題，也就是此文的中心理想。
2、主題思想應能恰到好处天概括文中所闡述的內容。面不能太窄，即：不敷以概括全数內容；可是面也不克不及太寬，即：包括了文中沒有闡述的內容。例三：
Directions：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply and demand.Supply means the amount of，or access to，certain goods.Demand represents the number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted，the price of them falls.On the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price rises.Of course，manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased price. A.Economic Principles B.Law of Supply and Demand C.M ore Goods，Lower Prices D.Fewer Goods，Higher Prices該問題，A 氾指經濟規律，面過寬；C 和D 只是供需規則的二個單獨的圆面，不克不及包括全体，面太窄。正確的谜底是B，因為這恰是該漫笔自始至終談論的主題。
3、一段文章的核心思想经常由主題句（Topic Sentence）表達。主題句经常位於段首或段尾處，間或出現在段降中間。同樣，一篇文章的中央思想也经常在開始或結尾段點出。
是以在閱讀中，我們要特別注重文章的開頭或結尾。例四：English is clearly an international language.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.Over 70 percent of the world"s radio programs are in English.本段主題句為首句，其後的內容句均說明首句。例五：Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.本段中央思想在結尾句获得體現，它是此段內容的結論。例六：For adults a cold is not that serious.However，this is not the case for children.Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.本段主題句為第二句，因為在however 後里才是作者真实的见解，並鄙人文中進一步作了說明。
但是，我們也经常發現，有的主題思惟並非间接由1、两個句子表述，而是在文中間接表示著。這便须要讀者依据文中細節進止归纳综合與掃納，找出主題思惟。例七：
It"s no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective Service.Since October of 1948，some six million young men have been examined for military duty.Of these，more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military service.To get two men today，the United States Army must call seven men.Of the five rejected three are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problems.To get the 196thousand additional men we needed for Berlin，the government had to call up 750 thousand men.And the rejection rate is increasing each year.The reason for this problem is that we are underexercised as a nation.We look，instead of play.We ride，instead of walk.The way we live prevents us from being healthy.本段中找不到某一句作為主題。按照文中的內容進行掃納，可找出主題思想，即：“The military"s rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nation"s lack of exercise is leading to poor health.”
没有评论:
发表评论